Why Lobelia Plants Turn Brown
Below are the most common reasons for brown lobelia plants.
Environmental Issues
Brown plant tissues are often the result of tissue death, both big and small. When cells are no longer able to receive nutrients from their transport tissues, they wither and collapse. Many different problems can interfere with these transport mechanisms, but always check your plant’s growing conditions first — often under or over watering is to blame. Underwatering may be an obvious cause, but overwatering may make less sense until you realize that under these conditions, plants suffer significant root death, decreasing the amount of fluid and nutrients they can bring to their tissues. Lobelias don’t care for heat or drought; their transport tissues aren’t designed to function under extreme heat so leaves often brown and curl up from the outer edge inward when it’s too hot. Lobelia with brown leaves but healthy stems may have been exposed to too much sun or simply not watered enough. Move these plants to a part-shade location and increase watering. New, healthy leaves will show you that you’re on the right track.
Pests and Disease
Fungal problems and pests can be responsible for browning as well, especially if they feed inside the plant or directly from cells. External pests and parasitic fungi are easy to detect, but those living inside formerly healthy tissues can be harder to control. Rust is a common external fungus on lobelia. This disease usually starts on leaf tissues, quickly covering them in orange, brown, or dark-colored spores. Pick off a few diseased leaves or treat widespread rust with neem oil sprays; if you act quickly you should be able to reverse the disease’s progression. In the future, allow your lobelia more room to breathe — good air circulation can prevent many fungal problems. Lobelias have few pest problems, but mites are among the worst. Mites feed on leaves, sucking the juices out of individual cells, which results in cell death and leaves tiny, brown spots on leaf surfaces. As these mite colonies spread, the brown dots grow into one another, giving leaves an overall bronze or brown appearance. Spray mites with neem oil or insecticidal soap weekly until new growth doesn’t show any signs of damage. If your plants are browning from the base upward, you may have a sinister pest known as the corn earworm. These larvae bore a hole in the base of lobelia stems and feed inside, eventually hollowing the stem completely. As they feed, severing transport tissues, the leaves and stem slowly brown and collapse. Other corn earworms may move into different stems, causing their collapse. Before giving up on these plants, cut out damaged areas. Once larvae are inside it’s hard to treat them, but preventative sprays of acephate around the base of unharmed stalks can prevent infestation.
